45363, Koppen, Frans van. The first Kassite dynast who ruled Babylonia was Burnaburia I, the tenth king of the Babylonian King List (Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 467), but the possibility that his predecessor, Agum-kakrime (Agum II), already controlled Babylon cannot be excluded (see Podany, 2002, p. 59). There is not a single connected text in the Kassite language. Map Store - Download High-Res Maps and Images, 2023, Bible History | All rights reserved, Middle Babylonian Period (1595 - 1000 BC). They were the Babylonians in the south and the Assyrians to the north. J. Eidem, The Shemshra Tablets 2: The Administrative Texts, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter 15, Copenhagen, 1982. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. The Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian civilization. Babylonia and the Bible, Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, Vol 3. Namri was named Babil, i.e., Babylon, in Urartian inscriptions, according to Diakonoff and Kashkai (1979, pp. Another ancient Middle Eastern people known as the Elam finally defeated the last Kassite ruler in 12 B.C. D. R. Frayne, Old Babylonian Period(2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. Please support World History Encyclopedia. XVI, Fasc. It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. [31] The most notable of these efforts was the construction of a new city, Dur-Kuirgalzu. 8, 1966, pp. [34] Being in close proximity the Assyrians and Kassites often came into political and military conflict over the next few centuries. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone ( kudurru ), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. 135-38. There may be several Kassite names in Old Babylonian uarr in the Zagros (see Eidem, 1992, p. 49b, top; Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 412 with n. 16). J. Boese and G. Wilhelm, Aur-dn I., Ninurta-apil-Ekur und die mittelassyrische Chronologie, WZKM 71, 1979, pp. Who were the kassites in the Bible? Jahrtausend v.Chr., Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 12/2, Wiesbaden, 2001. One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. J. Most sukallu officials bore Kassite names as late as the period of the second Isin dynasty (see Brinkman, 1976-80, pp. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. The Kassites ( / ksats /) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC ( short chronology ). 287-90. Kassites (among others) were included in the workforces (mostly agricultural laborers): individuals defined as Kassites (Ka) or bearing Kassite names appear in ration lists. 17-22. Balkan (1986, pp. The Kassites were very active at Ur. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The fall of Babylon is reported by a number of ancient sources, including the Cyrus Cylinder, the Greek historian Herodotus, as well as a number of books in the Old Testament. They later regained power yet would be defeated along with many other nations under King Nebuchadnezzar in the seventh century BC. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Related Content There is a radical change of the administrative terminology. "Babylon in the Second Millennium BCE: New Insights on the Transitions from Old Babylonian to Kassite and Isin II Periods". Kish in the Kassite Period (c. 1650-1150 B.C. 1, 1989, pp. ; De Smet, 1990; De Graef, 1998, pp. This is the first entry which will cover the Kassite period (1600-1160 BCE). diss., Columbia University, 2002. Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, 105(2), 255-257. 23. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The state sector, namely, the royal family, bureaucrats, priests, artisans, and attached labor (dependents and slaves of the palaces and temples), seems to have been the dominant one in the economy of Kassite Babylonia. Idem, Materials and Studies for Kassite History, 1: A Catalogue of Cuneiform Sources Pertaining to Specific Monarchs of the Kassite Dynasty, Chicago, 1986. The Sealand, which was ruled by another dynasty perhaps since the demise of Babylons rule in the south, was incorporated into Babylonia in ca. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). Following this event, his grandfather Aur-uballi invaded Babylonia to place Kurigalzu II (1327-03 BCE) on the throne. 5 What kind of government did the Kassites have? In letter #108, Rib-Hadda gives praises to Baal and also Samas in the sky. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. 10, 1980, pp. . The Babylonian Empire under the Kassites, c. 13th century BC. The fall of the First Sealand dynasty in 1460 BC created a power vacuum which the Kassites filled. [24] They were reported in Babylonia by the 18th century BC, especially around the area of Sippar. 247 ff., 258 f.). history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia. The date and the exact conditions of this seizure of power are unknown to us, the first decades of the Kassite dynasty being unknown to us. The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. [13] In total, about 12,000 Kassite period documents have been recovered, of which only around 10% have been published. Remnants of two Kassite glass beakers were found during the 1964 excavation in a (c. 800 BC) destruction layer of Hasanlu, in northwest Iran. K. Balkan (1986, pp. the Babylonian Tradition in the Second Millennium B.C. Literature that falls in the category of mythical will not be covered even though there is a large amount of biblical and Akkadian literature that refers to the same events, such as creation and flood events. The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. Because I thought I believe so different from everyone else. Roman Empire Map - "16. The Midianites were a biblical people who occupied territory east of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, and southward through the desert wilderness of the Arabah. The Interpreter's Commentary on the Bible p. 5. Christ was an incarnation of Yah-Veh. Babylonia was recognized as a great power by the other Near Eastern powers, namely, its neighbors and Egypt, according to the Amarna correspondence. Volume 1 Kardunia. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Remember that Hebrews existed before the Egyptian captivity. They had encountered many different kingdoms and tribes before they reached their destination. Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. This period is marked by a building hiatus at Babylon, similar to the one after the fall of the First Babylonian dynasty. 1400 BCE, the accession of the Kassite king Kara-inda (comparing El Amarna letter 10). Altorientalische Forschungen (in German) (30): 372381. There are very few filiations with the father bearing a Babylonian name. There is very little evidence for serious political problems before the thirteenth century BC when Assyria to the north and Elam to the east began to threaten Babylonia, and eventually brought an end to Kassite control. Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. 1-8. Provincial Administration in Babylonia under the Second Dynasty of Isin. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 210 f.). 14151050 BCE. Moses birth was 80 years before the Exodus in 1392bce or 2528 from Adam. : The Documentary Evidence, AJA 76, 1972, pp. The Kassite termini surviving in Akkadian are mainly from the realms of horse breeding and chariot building. As is clear from this material, the Kassites spoke a language without a genetic relationship to any other known tongue (cf. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Ira Spar, Michael Jursa: Cuneiform Texts from the Metropolitan Museum of Art IV: The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millennium BC. Balkan, 1954, pp. M. Bloomfield, On Some Alleged Indo-European Languages in Cuneiform Characters, AJSLL 25, 1904, pp. 2134, 1953, T. Clayden. 129, Brinkman, J. The governor of Nippur was in charge of an economic organization, which collected numerous agricultural deliveries and imposts from broad parts of Babylonia. Idem, Elamites and Other Peoples from Iran and the Persian Gulf Region in Early Mesopotamian Sources, Iran 32, 1994, pp. But Babylonia remained a world power: the Hittite king Hattuili III contacted Kadaman-Enlil II (1258-50 BCE) when the latter became king, in order to continue their good relations. The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). This was followed by Dynasty II of Isin (1169-1039 b.c. E. C. Cancik-Kirschbaum, Die mittelassyrischen Briefe aus Tall amad, Berichte der Ausgrabung Tall amad/Dr-Katlimmu (BATSH) 4, Texte 1, Berlin 1996. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. to 540 B.C. Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. 111, no. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". But how can people not see Ahmose named her son Ahmose because she pulled him from the water. 3 And all the princes of the king of Babylon came in, and sat . Iran 12.1 (1974): 99-124. 492-507, Brinkman, J. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. They introduced war chariots, The Kassites were defeated by the Elamites in 1157 B.C. Volume 2 Kardunia. and ruled the area for 576 years. 2, 1986, pp. Volume 2 Kardunia. 2. And I realized all my beliefs like what Edison believed came from the Bible. (a)the invention of monotheism (b)implementing political reforms that harmed the majority of egyptians. 174-190, Bass, George F., et al. Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. They were used to mark official items and ownership. Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. Nearing the end of the letter, the king states that if no archers are sent, then Jerusalem will fall to the Hapiru (same as Apiru). Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 1499-1503. 11-15). What is the meaning of AD, BC, BCE and CE? Kassite kings ruled for about 400 years. They were conquered by Alexander the Great but later regained their independence. During the time of the Canaanite conquest the most profound source of extra-biblical evidence is from a cache of letters called the Amarna letters. Krishna was at once an incarnation of Vishnu and Shiva. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. 163-69). The correspondence is mainly concerned with diplomatic marriages. After Babylon came within the Kassite sphere of control its city-god, Marduk was absorbed into the Kassite pantheon. Chronicles and king lists are imprecise, and although the Kassite kings traditionally ruled over Babylonia for 576 years, it is probable that the first Kassite kings reigned in Babylonia simultaneously with the last kings of the first Babylonian dynasty; thus Gandash, the first Kassite king, possibly began his reign about the middle of the 18th century bc, but not at Babylon. [8][9] About 100 Kassite tablets were found at Dur-Kurigalzu. "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243 - 1207 B.C.) Information will be sectioned off into multiple posts, organized by date ranges. 1-19. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. They even burn their sons and daughters in the fire as sacrifices to their gods. 1, 2006, pp. [30] That ruler initiated significant building efforts in Ur and other southern Mesopotamia cities. After acting as king of Babylon for a year (1220 BCE), Tukulti-Ninurta I appointed a succession of puppet rulers, who controlled Babylonia for a decade. 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." They conquered lands in Mesopotamia and in what is now Turkey. The genealogies of the Bible reveal that intermarriage of the ruler-priests lines continued to the time of Jesus. There is a striking parallel in the #287 and #290 Amarna letters referring to Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem. 43 f.; cf. 8, line 46; 9, 41). The Kassite and post-Kassite kings granted land to temples, members of the royal family, and functionaries. The Kassite rulers encouraged the collection, codification, and canonization of Babylonian religious-literary texts. 2 (1957), pp. R. Zadok, The Origin of the Name Shinar, ZA 74, 1984, pp. At the Crossroads of Civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamian Realm, Proceedings of the 42th RAI [1995], Leuven, 1999, pp. However, I dont think that Ahmose IIs stele tells the story. Schneider, Thomas (2003). The Babylonian empire founded by Hammurabi was overthrown by the Kassites (whose origins are unknown) in 1595 BCE, the conquest following a Hittite invasion that sacked Babylon but did not stay to rule over it.Over the following centuries, the Kassites successfully . The language of the Kassites remains unclassified (called a language isolate), differing from most common languages that exist today in the world. Around 1800 B.C., the Kassites began to settle in the Zagros Mountains which are located in modern day Iran. Toronto, Buffalo, and London, 1990. The original abodes of the Kassites are not known. Bibliography 257 Environment, Series II, Memoirs IV. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium, were repulsed by Hammurabis son, but secured holdings within the Tigris-Euphrates valley on the northern frontiers of Babylonia and later established the second Babylonian dynasty. [in:], Biggs, Robert D. A Letter from Kassite Nippur. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 240-44. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The inscription is believed to be between 1400 1200 BCE, right around the time where Israel was in captivity or shortly after leaving captivity. The Kassites were not referenced in the Bible but according to some Christian and Hebrew scholars a king named Cushan-Rishathaim was supposed to have been a Kassite ruler. 233234, Levine, Louis D. The Second Campaign of Sennacherib. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. The work at Isin was initated by Kurigalzu I and continued by Kadashman-Enlil I, and after a lapse, by Adad-shuma-usur and Meli-Shipak II. A new dynasty emerged about 1750 BC by a foreign people known as the Kassites. [27] An International System came into place between these parties connected by widespread trade, treaties, and intermarriage between the ruling classes (especially between the Kassites and Elamites). They are recorded as weavers and other textile workers, but are underrepresented in most of the other handicrafts (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. xv). Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Die Tontafeln der Grabung Robert Koldeweys 18991917." The dependents employed in these sectors received rations, the quantities of which were determined according to the recipients rank in the hierarchy. The specific purpose and intent of this entry is to present research on biblical synchronisms; references to the same or supposedly same historical events from multiple cultures. [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. 76, no. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. 24 f., 33 f., 38 f., 45, 54, 57, 66 f., 68 ff., 82 ff., 92 ff.). [47] What is known is that their language was not related to either the Indo-European language group, nor to Semitic or other Afro-Asiatic languages, and is most likely to have been a language isolate, although some linguists have proposed a link to the Hurro-Urartian languages of the Armenian highlands and Northern Mesopotamia. However, the river is only 175 . (2015). H. H. Paper, rev. 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. 2005. "The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State." Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. "Ur in the Kassite Period". 55 f., 231, 325 ff., 336 ff.). The Kassites retained power for about four hundred years (until 1155 BC). 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. Early Periods, 4. [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. Edens 1994, p. 213), the Kassite rulers reconstructed old cities in various parts of the country. The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1595 BC and until c. 1155 BC (middle chronology). Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. The panes of glass used to create these images were very brightly colored, and closer analysis has revealed that they were bright green, blue, white, and red-orange. 4 Where did the Hittites live in ancient Anatolia? The origin of the Kassites is uncertain, though a number of theories have been advanced. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Brill, pp. [15][16] Kudurrus, stone stele used to record land grants and related documents provide another source for Kassite history. The Amarna letters show marriage contracts between Egypt's 18th dynasty and the Kassites. Other ceramic goods, such as traps for small animals and vessels commonly thought to be fruit stands were found also. Corrections? [48], It has been suggested that several Kassite leaders bore Indo-European names, and they might have had an Indo-European elite similar to the Mitanni. Donbaz, Veysel. This is depicted in letters #287 and his sixth letter, #290. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. A. H. Podany, The Land of Hana: Kings, Chronology, and Scribal Tradition, Bethesda, Md., 2002. After these role models are gone, Israel has 15 Judges in this historical account. After this point, the Kassites had faded into obscurity. Most of the documentation (ca. . The Kassites, controlled Mesopotamia from 1595 to 1157 B.C. It is possible that the Habiru in the Amarna Letters are a mix of Hebrews from Egypt and also local rebels from the previous Hebrew peoples, like Abraham was. This capital, which was located in the far north of Babylonia, included a big palace and a temple with a high tower of the ziggurat type. Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 413, n. 22). J. van Dijk, Die dynastischen Heiraten zwischen Kassiten und Elamern: eine verhngnisvolle Politik, Orientalia, N.S. D.O. As semi-nomads the Kassites were organized in family and tribal units. The chronology of the Kassite rulers is very uncertain. Christ's first name, Jesus, was Yeshua. This garden was cited as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by the historian Herodotus. This region became increasingly unsafe, especially during the reign of Samsuditana, the last ruler of the Hammurabi dynasty. Their religion revolved around worship of three major gods, one for . J.A. Edzard, Jasubigallja, in RlA V, 1976-80, p. 271a. [52] Many small pottery kilns, generally no bigger than 2 meters in diameter with domed tops, were found in the Babylonian city of Dilbat. 137 f.), namely, that Kassite is related to Elamite, is unlikely. By the 14th century BCE, the Kassites controlled the whole of Babylonia, including the Diyala region. Your email address will not be published. ''Some Shared Traditions Between Hana and the Kassites'', In Crossing Boundaries and Linking Horizons: Studies in Honor of Michael C. Astour on His 80th Birthday, 417-432.Potts, D. T. (2006). 3, 1972, pp. Volume 1 Kardunia. Easily See 6017 Years of Biblical and World History Together! According to the accounts in Genesis, and the dates that follow throughout the entirety of the era of Kings and Judges, the Exodus occurred in 1312bce, which is 2448 years from the creation of Adam. F. H. Weissbach, he Kissa, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 21, 1921, pp. Possible traces of Kassites in Iranian nomenclature are negligible, for instance, Kagn, Kaakn < Kaaka@n, i.e., possibly "land of the Kassites" in Iran (see Eilers, 1957-58, p. 135). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. P. Huber, P. Review of Gasche et al., Fall of Babylon, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46-47, 1999-2000, pp. W. De Smet, Kashsh in Old-Babylonian Documents, Akkadica 68, 1990, pp. I read the Bible four times as a child I thought I believed different from everyone else. In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). 354 f.). Thus Rameses means to come from Ra and Mosa would be incomplete, and as it says in Exodus he was drawn from the water. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Judges 6:3 | View whole chapter | See verse in context. It is likely that the already troublesome environment of the land assisted the Israelites in their task of taking over the land. The opening of Joshua, chapter 10, describes the King of Jerusalem being afraid because of the capturing of Ai and Jericho by Joshua during battle. The Canaan has been plundered into every sort of woe: The Absurd History Of Papal Edicts Concerning Jews, How Well Do You Know Your Bible? Yanoam, is not known (maybe Yaknoam). 55, pp. Kassite traditions endured mostly in the private and familial spheres (see Heinz, 1995, p. 165). Originally Published in 1962 Mesopotamian Motifs in the Early Chapters of Genesis By: E.A. Isin in the Kassite Period". Kassites are recorded in Media during the first half of the first millennium BCE (see Zadok, 2002, pp. A. Brinkman (1976-80, p. 465a) and W. De Smet (1990, p. 11) point out that the earliest evidence for Kassites is from northern Babylonia and west of it, viz., the Middle Euphrates and Alalah VII (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 466b). 2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. 2014. [4] The Kassite religion is also poorly known. 131149, 1949, O. R. Gurney, Further Texts from Dur-Kurigalzu, Sumer, vol. Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. Thereafter, Kassite groups and individuals are recorded in northern Babylonia, especially around Sippar Yahrurum (see Zadok, 1987, pp. Idem, The Ethno-Linguistic Character of Northwestern Iran and Kurdistan in the Neo-Assyrian Period, Tel Aviv, 2002. Your email address will not be published. What kind of government did the Kassites have? One of its many anthropological and theological implications is that Genesis 10 and 11 are historically accurate. Maps are essential for any serious Bible study. It's . Given that their existence was before Joshua and the Canaan conquest, it is difficult to label these rebels as Hebrews specifically from Egypt. . 470 f.; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. The canal Habur-ibal-buga (see Balkan, 1954, p. 104) is recorded in a document from Terqa which is dated to King Hammurapih (perhaps 16th century BCE, i.e., at the beginning of the Middle Babylonian period; see Podany, 2002, pp. Through their efforts, Babylon had become a recognized world power. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. [42][43] Another Kassite king, Hamar-galu, is known from five inscriptions from the Nippur area. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Major construction occurred under Kadashman-Enlil, Kudur-Enlil, and Shagarakti-Shuriash, with lesser levels of repair work under Adad-shuma-usur and Meli-Shipak. [46], The Kassite language has not been classified. This discovery was made by the same archaeologist (Ludwig Borchardt) that discovered the Nefertiti bust and helped excavate the Amarna region. In tablet #149, Abi-Milku praises Pharaoh and compares him to Sun god. 412-18. His body was never found and also coincidentally there was no chariots available for other wars for quite a while after that. The section concludes with a brief appendix (chapter 45). 12.000 tablets, mostly unpublished) from the Kassite period is contained in an administrative archive which was excavated in Nippur and covers the period from ca. 233-42. How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? 1750-1650 BC), and next an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1650 BC. I cannot say that I am convinced by it but there are some real pieces of evidence to support it. 131 f.). 150 f.; see Balkan, 1954, pp. (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. A people called the Kassites conquered Babylonia in about 1600 bce. These are caretakers of the people and the closest they have to political leaders. A. Brinkman, Kassiten (Kass), RLA, vol. The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. Unfortunately, it is not certain whether or not this is a clear reference to Israel. Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. There were nearly thirty rulers who controlled Babylon under the reign of the Kassites, and they started with Agum II and ended with Enlil-nadin-ahi. 479-491, Potts, D. T. Elamites and Kassites in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. The Amarna letters, which were mostly written in the early to mid-13th century BCE, capture communication back and forth from Egyptian Ruler Amenophis III and his various loyal vassal-governors in the land of Canaan. 95 ff. 44 f., 59). 211 f.). A timeline of ancient Mesopotamian history up to and including the Persians. The Kassites took refuge in the mountains but were brought down and resettled, in standard Assyrian practice, in Hardispi and Bit Kubatti, which were made part of the Arrapha district. A.. "1. Gasche et al. [53] Kassite pottery deposits have been found as far away as Al Khor Island in the Persian Gulf area.