Son of Hiranyakula. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). Concerning past occasions. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. View all Google Scholar citations What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. This page was last modified on 1 January 2016, at 03:52. translator of the Rajataragini. He assigned the work to a few officials to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. 0 0 Similar questions This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. After ruling indirectly and directly. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakoram/Himalaya, the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively (IV.165-175). In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. Sanskrit Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. [5], Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Verse 12. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. Unreliable Sources - The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam. 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. After that, the English translation appeared under the aegis of the Asiatic Society in 1835 and the French translation in 1852. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review In that officials, Abul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Wife of Damodara. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Answer. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. It does not store any personal data. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old-style language, Sanskrit. The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. It is by late Vidwan T.K. Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (9801003 CE) placed Samgrmarja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty. [18] Iinternal rebellions were ably suppressed. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. Raman Menon, an erudite scholar in both Sanskrit and Malayalam during his time. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Later, in the time of Firuz, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Verse 13. In 1380 C.E. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. Subscribe here. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. [20][18][19] Economic condition was decent. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. The Loharas ruled for many generations. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). . Rajatarangini/Original languages [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. } They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. Published online by Cambridge University Press: The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. There too, legend is mixed with reality, and Toramana Huna is incorporated into the line of Meghavahana. It exposes its own biases instead", "Review of Kingship in Kamr (AD11481459). The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Son of Aksha. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. field of Asian Studies. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Died young. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. Check ' ' translations into Persian. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. The relative . Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Zain-ul-Abidin was the eighth sultan of Kashmir. 1 All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. Was this answer helpful? Rajatarangini belongs. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly, According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was.