Yournewbornbaby has several reflexes such as sucking, rooting and grasping. (2014). Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM) (also known as Sacral Nerve Stimulation) is an NHS funded therapy that may be able to help certain people who experience bladder and bowel problems. This could affect nerve function in this area. Arthrogryposis is a congenital condition present at birth characterized by a stiffening of the joints. Sometimes large or deep sacral dimples are a sign of a birth defect involving the spinal cord or the spinal bones. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Sacral nerve stimulation can be painful and uncomfortable, but some people report a substantial improvement in their symptoms or the end of their incontinence completely. The doctor or midwife will put a finger in your babys mouth to check that the roof oftheir mouth (palate) is complete andtheir sucking reflex is working. And when problems are found, they often resolve themselves in time and without any treatment at all. ;5)8h&( q]liY,;n_(XdfUT,u7N.O+N h(\CJc&!&^'MV$(P(JJ_`&R62hhZ Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect. In: Pediatric Dermatology. Sacral dimples dont have any symptoms other than the indentation itself. Accessed Aug. 30, 2022. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Warm up before you stretch, and stop stretching right away if it hurts. The above may be associated with an underlying neurological problem, for example spinal dysraphism. Can poor sleep impact your weight loss goals? Causes There are no known causes for a sacral dimple. The cause of spina bifida is unknown, but a number of factors can increase the risk of a baby developing the condition. Surgery to repair the spine will usually be recommended soon after your baby is born. A sacral dimple won't go away. Sacral dimples are common and unproblematic in the vast majority of cases. endobj If the examiner detects any instability, orclickyhips, further investigations will be performed. Heart murmurs may require a second opinion and further investigation, or will be checked at future examinations. Current status of paediatric imaging. If its deep, you should clean it often to lower the chance of infection., Back dimples pose no problem. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. A sacral dimple may be located in the crease between the buttocks. Andreas A, et al., eds. But as your child grows, it becomes less noticeable. Ultrasound investigation of sacral dimples and other stigmata of spinal dysraphism. They have also been called dimples of Venus, because many people believe they can boost your fertility, beauty, and luck., Throughout history, many cultures have praised back dimples for their beauty. It is found in the small of the back, near the tailbone, which is also known as the sacrum. Most people with spina bifida have normal intelligence, but some have learning difficulties. If you have a child with a sacral dimple and these other symptoms, talk to their doctor. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. A sacral dimple will appear as a small dimple or pit in the lower back. Scoliosis. Back dimples are harmless like sacral dimples. This causes their spinal cord to be fixed in place it cant move freely within their spinal canal. In the uterus (womb), the two sides of your babys heart beat together. If it becomes infected, it can become swollen and cause pain. Folic acid tablets are available from pharmacies andsupermarkets, or a GP may be able to prescribe them for you. For the few babies who do have problems, there are many benefits to having these identified early on. (2016, September). Those with the following clinical characteristics should be considered higher risk for the possibility of an underlying neural tube defect: Investigations are often not required for sacral dimples. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. A rest period of 1 to 2 days may be advised. Sacral dimples are relatively common in healthy, newborn babies and do not normally signal a concern. <> A sacral dimple is a pit in the midline of skin overlying the spine, often detected in the newborn or early infant period. Cheek dimples occur due to a change in a particular facial muscle. <> But a pilonidal cyst is a round sac of tissue that's filled with fluid or air. The doctor or midwife will check these reflexes by watching your baby. These soft spots will be looked at by your midwife or paediatrician. The most common of these is spina bifida occulta, when there is a small irregularity in one of the vertebrae. Author(s): Ruth M Bland, Consultant Medical Paediatrics, Suggestions for management whilst waiting for outpatient appointment, Useful resources for Health Professionals, NHSGGC Paediatrics for Health Professionals, Guideline for Primary Care management of Paediatric Urticaria, Reflex Anoxic Seizures in Children: Advice for Referrers, Recurrent Fever in Children: Advice for Referrers, Headache in Children: Advice for Referrers, Cervical Lymphadenopathy: Advice for referrers, Constipation in Children: Advice for Referrers, Infant with a Large Head: Advice for Referrers, Child with Chest Pain: Advice for Referrers, Child with a Heart Murmur: Advice for Referrers, Gastro-oesophageal reflux and Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in infants: Advice for Referrers, Allergy in Children: Advice for Referrers, Haematuria in Children: Advice for Referrers, Proteinuria in Children: Advice for Referrers, Antibiotic management of Group A Streptococcus (GAS, Strep. The doctor may want to check them for a possible spine or spinal cord issue. This happens when his tongue remains more anchored to the bottom of his mouth than it should be, restricting movement. A pilonidal cyst can lead to a swollen pocket of pus (abscess) if left untreated. Their website hasmore information about the other types of spina bifida. Is the dimple outside the sacrococcygeal region? This study was a Scientists dont know for sure what causes sacral dimples, but it may be genetic. Pressure ulcer surgery can be challenging, especially because most people who have the procedure are already in a poor state of health. . You should take a 400 microgram folic acid tablet every day while you're trying to get pregnant and until you're 12 weeks pregnant. DAlessandro DM. [6] Sacral dimples are common benign congenital anomalies found in up to 4% of the population. You may also need to take a higher dose of folic acid. We avoid using tertiary references. Sacral dimple normal. Though bear in mind that screening tests may not pick up every problem. A sacral dimple is a small dent or depression in your childs lower back near the crease of their buttocks. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Spina bifida occulta occurs when the spine doesnt fully close around the spinal cord. Your babys hips will be gently moved to check the stability oftheir hip joints. The enigmatic sacro-coccygeal dimple: to ignore or explore?. Occasionally, a deep sacral dimple may indicate a problem with the lower part of your babys spinal cord. Does Having Back Dimples Tell Me Anything About My Genetics? spine, presence of sacral pits, midline spinal skin lesions/tufts of hair If neurological concerns, initiate Moro and stepping reflexes Responses to passive movements: pull-to-sit ventral suspension Palpate anterior fontanelle size (<3 cm 3 cm) and tone OUTCOME Documentation Sacral dimples which have a clearly visualised base with a width of< 0.5 cm, are positioned below the gluteal folds and have no other cutaneous features (dark hair, colour change) are innocent and do not require any further investigation. endstream The doctor will . It is a congenital condition, meaning a person is born with it. 6th ed. Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Notice of Intelligent Business Solutions data eventLearn more. In most cases, sacral dimples are simply signs of minor abnormalities as the baby grows inside the womb. Sacral refers to the sacrum, which is the bone at the bottom of your babys spine. Sacral Dimple - Neonatal Clinical Guideline V2.0. endobj It forms for unknown reasons during fetal development. But sometimes, certain types of sacral dimples can be a sign of serious conditions. . (2012). Your babys head is allowed to gently and safely fall for a short distance. Neurosurgical conditions. References : 1. Most people with a sacral dimple dont have any symptoms or complications that need treatment. If you have any concerns about your baby before then, dont hesitate to call your midwife, health visitor or doctor. Most babies are fine, or may just need to be watched for a while. Ligaments connect your skin to your pelvic bones. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Copyright American Academy of Pediatrics. The next screening test you and your baby will have will be your postnatal check with your doctor. It is found in the small of the back, near the tailbone, which is also known as the sacrum. Investigations are often not required for sacral dimples. (2015). Your midwife will carry out this test by takinga tiny amount of blood from your babys heel. Pilonidal cyst: definition. Pediatrics in Review 2011;32;109. They are common, 2-4% of births, and are Your midwife can do this test by watching your babys colour, breathing, behaviour, activity and posture. Tissues called ligaments create these lower back dimples. If a person with a sacral dimple has any symptoms of spinal cord problems, like muscle weakness or numbness in the legs, or loss of control of the bladder or bowels, its important to see a neurologist for evaluation. xMk@9vg! More severe cases can cause significant nerve and spinal cord damage. If a sacral dimple has no unusual characteristics, its called a simple sacral dimple. Read more about the causes of spina bifida. The severity of the condition varies widely. The most commonly tested reflex during the examination is the Moro reflex. It's usually located just above the crease between the buttocks. Your baby may have a hearing test shortly after birth, either in hospital, a community clinic, or at home. They develop after birth. If the sacral dimple is a sign of an underlying problem, your childs healthcare provider will discuss treatment options with you. They're caused by short ligaments connecting your pelvis to your skin, but they have no medical . MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. About 3 to 8 percent of the population has a sacral dimple. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Pilonidal-sinus/Pages/Causes.aspx, https://www.drgreene.com/qa-articles/sacral-dimple/, https://doclibrary-rcht.cornwall.nhs.uk/DocumentsLibrary/RoyalCornwallHospitalsTrust/Clinical/Neonatal/SacralDimple.pdf, http://www.impcna.com/intranet/Nelson%20Pediatric/Newborn/SacralDimple%5B1%5D.pdf. At first, you may have no symptoms. They will also check your babys tongue for tongue-tie. In most cases, the individual will experience problems in childhood, but they may not appear until adulthood. In: Holcomb and Ashcraft's Pediatric Surgery. However, deeper pits that continue inside the body can link directly to the spinal cord or the colon. Because of this, doctors generally dont recommend any action. Read more about the symptoms of spina bifida. This will include a discussion about the possible problems associated with the condition, the treatment and support your child may need if you decide to continue with the pregnancy, and what your options are regarding ending the pregnancy, if that's your choice. In rare cases, people may experience symptoms later in life. Your babys spine will be assessed for straightness. In most cases, a sacral dimple causes no problems and isnt associated with any health risks. Accessed Aug. 30, 2022. There is some genetic component to cheek dimples, but it's not entirely clear why. This is caused by your baby being squeezed ontheir journey through the birth canal, and should right itself within 48 hours. A simple sacral dimple is defined as a solitary dimple less than 5 mm in diameter and less than 2.5 cm from the anus, midline in location, and without visible drainage or additional. Some sacral dimples have appearances that may raise concern about a possible birth defect. Overview of Diastrophic Dysplasia, a Genetic Condition Affecting the Cartilage, What to Know If Your Child Is Diagnosed with Arthrogryposis, What You Need to Know About Prune Belly Syndrome, Can You Get Pregnant from Pre-Cum? Background Simple sacral Dimples are intergluteal pits or dimples, located below the top of a symmetrical intergluteal crease. An ultrasound is a test that can provide images of the spine. 2 . This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device. Sacral dimples with higher risk characteristics should undergo ultrasound. Policy. Sometimes, a sacral dimple can be a sign of an underlying spinal issue. Changes in bowel or bladder function (including a child that is slow to potty train). Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Spina bifida is when a baby's spine and spinal cord does not develop properly in the womb, causing a gap in the spine. Most sacral dimples are harmless and dont need any medical intervention. Sacral dimples can be "typical" or "atypical". Overview. This is because coarse body hair and sweat can create a good environment for an infection. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Most sacral dimples are completely harmless and do not require treatment. Cleveland Clinic: Sacral dimple., International Journal of Dermatology: Skin dimples., Korean Journal of Pediatrics: Outcome of ultrasonographic imaging in infants with sacral dimple., Princeton University Athletic Medicine: Lumbar/Core Strength and Stability Exercises., The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of hsan Doramac Bilkent University: The Dimples of Venus: An Adaptive Morphological Trait of Physical Attractiveness.. Your babys skin will be checked for birthmarks, including: The doctor or midwife will check your babys arms, hands, legs and feet. The only symptom of a sacral dimple is a generally shallow depression near the end of the tailbone and the top of the buttocks. It is a congenital condition, meaning it's present at birth. You should also be offered advice about where to find more information and support. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. In spina bifida, part of the neural tube does not develop or close properly, leading todefects in the spinal cord and bones of the spine (vertebrae). If your baby has a deep sacral dimple, they will be checked for other symptoms such as leg weakness, cold and blue feet, and incontinence. For boys, the scrotum is checked for undescended testes. It is a structural difference present from birth. Anyone can develop a pilonidal cyst, but its most common in young men. However, some attributes can signal further defects, and they will need to be examined with an ultrasound. Learn. Learn the causes of and treatment for hypertelorism, a wider than typical space between the orbits of your eyes. Coarse body hair, which can grow inward, along with excessive sweat can produce the right environment for infection. The doctor or midwife will listen to your babys heart with a stethoscope to exclude extra sounds or heart murmurs. 1 0 obj A look at pain in the buttocks, a common complaint with many causes but often the result of sciatica. Atypical dimples may be located higher up on the back or off to the side. (2015). A sacral dimple is a small dimple or cleft in the skin at the base of your baby's spinal cord (the small of the back, also called the "sacrum"). A pilonidal dimple is a small pit or sinus in the sacral area just at the top of the crease between the buttocks. 7 0 obj 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Women thought to be at higher risk of having a child with spina bifida need to be prescribed a higher (5 milligram) dose of folic acid by a GP. Back dimples indentations on your lower back are a fairly common cosmetic feature. stream Sacral dimples are small clefts at the base of the spine. But the nervous system will usually already have been damaged, which can lead to problems such as: Many babies will have or develophydrocephalus (a build-up of fluid on the brain), which can further damage the brain. So theyre not sure what genes may cause dimples. A very small percentage of people with a sacral dimple can have spinal abnormalities. It's not known what causes spina bifida, but a lack of folic acid before and in the early stages of pregnancyis asignificant risk factor. It is a congenital. Surgical treatment will be used to untether the spinal cord. A pilonidal cyst may appear as a small lump or dimple on the skin. If you or your child has spina bifida, your clinical team will pass information about you or your child on to the National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service (NCARDRS). In the hours afterthey areborn, your baby will have several tests and examinations to check that they are healthy and that all is well. However, in newborn babies, a doctor will examine the infant for any signs that may indicate a birth irregularity. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. <> "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. A sacral dimple can be a sign of a serious spinal problem in a newborn if the dimple is large or appears near a tuft of hair, skin tag, lump or discolored area. Abnormalities of foot alignment (such as the foot being turned more inward than usual). Holcomb GW, et al., eds. The penis will be checked to ensure the opening is at the tip of the penis, and not on the underside. Cutaneous disorders of the newborn. Balance difficulties. Heres an outline of what your midwife and doctor will be looking for when they carry out these tests. Most people with sacral dimples live normal, healthy lives. There are several different types of spina bifida, including: These pages focus on myelomeningocele, the most severe type of spina bifida,and this is the type usually referred to whenever the term spina bifida is used. Sacral Dimples. not associated with other cutaneous stigmata of spinal dysraphism (e.g. A pilonidal cyst is a collection of fluid, hair, and debris that forms within a sac. endobj 6 0 obj If you have a baby with a sacral dimple, using a diaper rash cream over the dimple can help keep stool out of the pitted area. Diagnosis Sacral dimples are diagnosed by simple clinical examination. You will probably be asked if your baby has had a wee or passed a dark-coloured poo (meconium). If there is concern that the sacral dimple is a sign of an underlying problem, then an ultrasound assessing the spinal canal is often the first test to be done. If the doctor or midwife who examines your baby has any concerns, they may decide that further tests and investigations are needed. A simple dimple is one that is located within 2.5 cm of the anus, has a base that can be visualized and is not associated with other abnormalities on exam. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event. Theyre also called butt dimples and dimples of Venus. In: Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. A sacral dimple is an indentation or pit in the skin on the lower back that is present at birth in some babies. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> A sacral dimple is an indentation or pit in the skin on the lower back usually just above the crease between the buttocks. Chern, J.J. et al. They are relatively common in newborn babies and do not usually indicate problems. Spina bifida is a congenital malformation which can lead to problems with mobility and incontinence. This site uses cookies. These include spina bifida and tethered spinal cord. They are seen in around 2-4 percent of births, although the cause of them is unknown. These include: A sacral dimple can be shallow or deep. All rights reserved. Are there associated skin changes, hairy patch, skin tag or fatty lump? You arent born with pilonidal cysts. If you have a child with spina bifida or you've been diagnosed with the condition yourself, you may find it helpful to speak to other people affected by it. The examiner will probably ask you questions about your familys medical history, so nows the time to mention any childhood problems common to your family. uesE1oa The accuracy of abnormal lumbar puncture sonography findings in detecting occult spinal dysraphism: A comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. However, 10 per cent of the population have one palmar crease on one hand and five per cent have one palmar crease on both hands. Your midwife can do this test by watching your baby's colour, breathing, behaviour, activity and posture. Skin dimples over the spine commonly referred to as sacral dimples are common minor congenital anomalies, estimated to occur in 3-8% of children. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. 2016a . Last medically reviewed on August 2, 2017. endobj Those concerned about developing a sacral dimple later in life can help limit the risk by keeping the area clean and dry and maintaining a healthy weight. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Pilonidal cysts are most common in teenagers and young adults who were assigned male at birth. 5 0 obj It is usually carried out within 3 or 4 months after the child is born. It is quite common for babies to have a tiny dimple at the base of the spine, called a sacral dimple. Single palmar creases are less common. They believe dimples of Venus can also increase your fertility and give you good luck. Learn about causes, possible symptoms, complications, and more. a dimple larger or deeper than 5 millimeters (mm), having an above-average amount of body hair, having a job that involves driving or sitting for long periods, cutting the dimple out and packing it daily with dressing until it heals, closing the dimple with a flap of skin and stitching, scraping it out and filling it with a special glue. If your baby does need some help, your midwife may give them oxygen or clear their airways to help them breathe. Please state the concerning features leading to the referral. Venus was the Roman goddess of beauty. Cohen BA. Their healthcare provider will note the size and location of the dimple. . Once the baby is born,a number of tests may be carried out to find out how bad the condition is and help decide which treatments are likely to be the best option. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. KP XV&p? dOM2gL]a6 eD C"= #g1rWFz}NCHbMB'kYt,pwY7e9e{ $ G4Go$Ryy5LW, !h bPu4!^Z75UrJ*g}qCe^@M5O`utO I Y\8x$\$N^Bf"5J P(9GngR%0HhdqipiYQn;R@.N midline without visible drainage. Approximately 3% to 8% of babies are born with a sacral dimple. Could sciatica be causing the pain in your buttocks? Since theres no muscle where the dimples would be, you can't "grow" them, even through exercise., But if you have them and want to make them easier to see, you can do lumbar or core strength and stability exercises to make your lower back region leaner. Copyright 2014-2021 BHSPaediatric Portal / Developed by Dr Jubal John and Dr David Tickell. Page last reviewed: 20 April 2020 Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a . xXG"{G$_Q?_ AQ^b1JbKwTQ@DQT ";yx9;mg @Z)F?{O= HC(.]pY1B " 4Kc$. <> The Guidance 2.1. DOI: Zywicke HA, et al. In most cases this will cause no problems. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. 7th ed. It is a congenital condition, meaning it's present at birth. Sacral dimple. Your childs healthcare provider will examine your childs sacral dimple closely to determine if its a symptom of something they need to treat. A midwife will have already looked at your babys eyes to check for any obvious problems. Back dimples are also indentations found on your childs lower back. What is a sacral dimple? Shine is a charity that provides help and support for people affected by spina bifida. If the cyst becomes infected, it can become swollen and painful. Examples are anencephaly, myelomeningocele, and meningocele. Pediatr Rev March 2011; 32 (3): 109114. Rarely, sacral dimples can be a sign of an underlying health condition. Read more about folic acid, including folic acid supplements and foods containing folate. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.32-3-109. Drs Zywicke and Rozzelle have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this article. 2 0 obj We discuss the vaccines to get during pregnancy and the ones to, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. If your babys birth required assistance withventouseor forceps theres a small risk of bruises appearing on his head or skull bone (cephalhaematoma). Typical dimples are found at the skin on the lower back near the buttocks crease. Is the child otherwise well, thriving and developing normally? Both of these types of dimples appear at birth, but thats where their similarities end., A sacral dimple (sacrococcygeal or coccygeal dimple) is an indentation just above the groove between your buttocks. You can opt out of the register at any time. Rest assured your baby will be fine, andtheir responses are simply showing that all is well. A sacral dimple thats a sign of an accompanying spinal problem may have signs including: Researchers dont know why sacral dimples appear in some people. Theres a high probability that it will have no effect on a persons health. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Where successful, the treatment can be a life changing therapy. %PDF-1.5 endobj Treatment and therapy can improve the outlook. The doctor or midwife will listen to your babys breathing pattern and lung function with a stethoscope. The examiner will look at the resting position of your babys feet and ankles. Referrals pathways for Regional Paediatric model. This is to check for talipes (clubfoot), where the front half of the foot turns in and down. They may also cry a little. After completing this article, readers should be able to: Neural tube defects are among the most common forms of birth defect, affecting 1 in every 1,000 pregnancies. stream If you did not take folic acid before you conceived, you should start as soon as you find out you're pregnant. Annular pancreas is an extra ring of pancreatic tissue surrounding the small intestine. This content does not have an Arabic version. The NCARDRS helps scientists look for better ways to prevent and treat this condition. That increases the risk for infection or irritation. Back dimples indentations on your lower back are a fairly common cosmetic feature. A further test for a heart condition is to feel for a pulse in your babys groin (the femoral pulse). GTR is not a substitute for medical advice. Your child should go on to lead a normal, healthy life. Here are some exercises to get you started. Please refer as soon as possible so that an ultrasound may be requested before 8 weeks of age. (2011). familydoctor.org/condition/pilonidal-cyst/, pediatriceducation.org/2009/07/20/does-this-sacral-dimple-need-to-be-evaluated/, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sacral-dimple/basics/definition/con-20025266, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pilonidal-cyst/basics/definition/con-20025007. www.nhs.uk [Accessed June 2018] NHS. This is the same as the red-eye effect from flash photography. Paller AS, et al. A squashed or moulded head is a very common feature innewborns. These measurements will later be added tothe developmental charts inthe red book (personal child health record). A sacral dimple is a small dimple or cleft at the base of the spinal cord. No other skin changes are seen. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If testing shows a birth problem related to a sacral dimple, then the baby may undergo further evaluation and diagnosis for treatment. Neonatal dimpling. But rest assured this will clear up by itself. They'll look at the area near the bottom of your child's spine. In: Paller and Mancini Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology: A Textbook of Skin Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence. Most sacral dimples don't cause any problems. This is a fixation of the spinal cord that limits a persons movement. Sacral dimples can be confused with pilonidal cysts because they generally occur in the same area of the body, near the tailbone and just above the buttocks. Each of those conditions has different treatments and outcomes. Sacral Dimple . Occasionally, a deep sacral dimple may indicate a problem with your baby's nerves in his lower spinal cord.