intralingual Definitions (linguistics, translation studies) Contained within the same language; involving a monolingual process adjective (linguistics, translation studies) grammar Contained within the same language; involving a monolingual process grammar intralingual ( not comparable) intralingual ( not comparable) Examples Stem To Steiner, translation proper is seen as a heightened case of the process of communication and reception, but he also claims that the linguistic problems implicit in interlingual translation are already implicit in all intralingual discourse (Steiner 1975: 260-261, 414) a view reflected by Even-Zohar in 1990 when discussing the mechanism of transfer (see also Weissbrod 2004: 24; Shuttleworth 1997: 88). Syntactical changes making the text more contemporary, 1948 Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra, And because Joseph was of the house and lineage of David, also he went up from [], 1992 Ogs Josef drog op frafordi han var af Davids hus og slaegt, Also Joseph went up from because he was of the house and lineage of David [], 1948 Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And it happened, while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth, 1992 Og mens de var dr, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth. When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. In practice, we see many kinds of intralingual translation; numerous varieties of expert-to-layman communication, easy-readers for children, subtitling for the deaf, summaries, some kinds of news reporting, new translations of classics, etc. Early in this small childrens version we are also told that Joseph and Maria tried to find somewhere to stay, but that there was not room in any of the houses (Josef og Maria forsgte at finde et sted, hvor de kunne vaere, men der var ikke plads i et eneste af husene), though the 1948 version does not give this information until the last sentence where we are told that Maria laid her son in a manger because there was no room for them in the inn.. It may be more productive though to look at some of the differences. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. An attempt at description: intralingual translation, 4. Do the strategies applied by students differ from those applied by professionals? Tymoczko (1998, 2005) is not particularly concerned with intralingual translation, but her arguments for a broad perception of translation are very relevant. The aim is to get the target group to accept the text as of contemporary relevance and to reduce the time spent reading and understanding the text. These are delivered one step at a time, and are accessible on mobile, tablet and desktop, so you can fit learning around your life. There are only two omissions in the text; the name Nazareth and the fact that Joseph and Maria were engaged. Furthermore, the need for translation within the same language is also indicative of the richness of perspectives, knowledge and cultures that exist within our linguistic traditions (however forgotten). Intralingual translation shares with translation proper the idea of changing form but maintaining meaning and the need to adjust to different audiences and expectations. The aim is to make the text understandable and interesting especially to the young members of a family.[10]. In the childrens versions, we see reduction as well as extension, but especially the latter. The Source Text Postulate, The Transfer Postulate and the Relationship Postulate (Toury 1995: 33-35). However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation . Consider this parodic intralingual translation by Alistair . The four intralingual translations into Danish are the following in chronological order: A family picture Bible from 1973[7] (236 words), A picture Bible for very small children from 1991[8] (158 words), The Danish authorised version from 1992 (88 words), The New Testament in everyday Danish from 1985/2002[9] (89 words). Viborg: Scandinavia. A total of 26 experimental studies conducted between 2010 and 2022 were . These are all belonging to different British dialects, most are archaic and no longer in use, but they all display different shades of meaning that make them unique: Besides making for interesting conversation starters (perhaps not over dinner though! Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. Dans le prsent article, nous soutenons que la traduction intralinguale doit faire partie intgrante de la traductologie en raison de ses multiples similarits avec la traduction interlinguale. What they offer is a description of the fundamental activity of translation, but a description which relies on open concepts and which is therefore able and willing to include a whole range of examples, from the prototypical to the peripheral, depending on the distance in question from the prototypical definition of the concepts involved. Or the translation is not in writing, but takes place automatically while we read and process the old text as Steiner (1975: 28) argues.[13]. Routledge, 1995), "Here, then, is the full process of translation. CVR-nr: 31119103 Examples. . The purpose of this study is to help provide insights into this area of translation studies by studying the way scientific texts are adapted to popular texts. This content is taken from Cardiff University online course, Communication and Interpersonal Skills at Work, Motion Capture: The Art of Studying Human Activity, Change of Era: The Origins of Christian Culture through the Lens of Archaeology, Careers in Tech: How to Choose the Right Tech Job For You, Climate and Energy: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Forensic Psychology: Witness Investigation, Behaviour Change Interventions: Introductory Principles and Practice, Pupillometry: The Eye as a Window Into the Mind, An Introduction to Machine Learning in Quantitative Finance, Batteries for the Energy Transition: Exploring the Sustainable Value Chain, Teaching Students Who Have Suffered Complex Trauma, The Freelance Bible: How to Be a Freelancer in Any Industry, View all Psychology & Mental Health Courses, View all Science, Engineering & Maths Courses, Working with Translation: Theory and Practice, Train the Trainer: Certificate in Corporate Training, Project Management and its Role in Effective Business, Digital Photography: Discover your Genre and Develop your Style, crottle (a foresters term for hare excrement), ujller (Shetlandic for the unctuous filth that runs from a dunghill). Throughout the article the discussion will rely on an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the activity. However, it is suggested that the de facto degree of freedom is larger in intralingual translation than in most instances of translation proper. Jakobson argued for a broad, inclusive definition of translation as a phenomenon fundamental to all language transactions. Furthermore, that word exists within a multidimensional matrix that defines the four salient (for the Tofa people) parameters of reindeer: age, sex, fertility, and rideability. Nordquist, Richard. .." (Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. De skulle snart giftes. Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde. The most interesting findings of the analyses and of the comparison with interlingual translation is firstly the strong tendency of intralingual translation to involve a form of simplification a strategy which is not so often applied as the overall skopos of a translation proper. The emperor wanted to count people in the cities in which they were born. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Un article de la revue Meta (Volume 54, numro 4, dcembre 2009, p. 643-890) diffuse par la plateforme rudit. The first thing that springs to mind when comparing the family picture Bible from 1973 with the authorised version from 1948 is the high number of words in the family version, namely 236 compared to 92 words in the 1948 version. This chapter describes the broad phenomenon of intralingual translation, better known by such terms as reformulation, rewording, or paraphrasing. Many translation scholars rely on Jakobsons three kinds of translation for their definitions of what constitutes translation, but de facto they mostly focus exclusively on Jakobsons concept of interlingual translation. Novices (second-semester MA students of specialized translation or journalism ), Experienced text producers (at least five years of experience), Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton. At the same time, it should be added that though no one can deny that the resemblances are there it is also necessary to focus on the differences, or possible differences, between the two kinds of translation. Which is the main characteristics of Interlingual translation? In theory, translation studies does not exclude intralingual translation, but de facto empirical studies or discussions on the subject of intralingual translation are few and far between. Typical intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of knowledge (explanatory translations) are typically of the expert-to-layman kind (patient package inserts containing information on medicine, tax leaflets based on new legislation, manuals for durable consumer goods) or childrens versions (easy-readers) of classical texts. Create an account to receive our newsletter, course recommendations and promotions. If we know more about differences as well as similarities, the insights provided by both fields would be more useful. I think it is possible to describe translation (and not finitely define it) by means of Jakobsons three dimensions in combination with Tourys more specific description of a source text and a transfer. On the face of it, the main difference between the two kinds of translation is the involvement in interlingual translation of two different national languages. Intralingual definition: (linguistics, translation studies) Contained within the same language ; involving a monolingual process. In order to simplify, the text may also be heavily paraphrased or restructured. A good sample is Bangqing Hans Sing-song Girls of Shanghai. for at lade sig indskrive tillige med Maria, sin trolovede, som var frugtsommelig. Og hun fdte sin sn, den frstefdte, og svbte ham og lagde ham i en krybbe, thi der var ikke plads til dem i herberget. The facts that Maria was with child and that the child was her firstborn have been left out. In theory, translation studies does not exclude intralingual translation, but de facto empirical studies or discussions on the subject of intralingual translation are few and far between. We offer a diverse selection of courses from leading universities and cultural institutions from around the world. We can all, Im sure, think of multiple terms to describe human excrement and if they dont come to mind, do ask your nearest 5-6 year olds and youll have a full list in no time but in his exploration of the language of landscape, nature writer Robert MacFarlane unearthed a surprising number of forgotten English terms for animal dung. Apart from the obvious difference of the number of national languages involved, the most significant difference seems to be that in many kinds of intralingual translation simplification[14] is the keyword. resembles the challenge within intralingual translation of transmitting the same message in the linguistic style of another genre e.g. The picture Bible for very small children from 1991 is naturally very different from the 1948 authorised version, but in many ways resembles the family Bible for children from 1973 as regards explanations, explicitations, lexical and syntactical simplification, the addition of pictures as well as textual additions to enhance childrens comprehension of and interest in the text (with one exception though: all additions are factual, i.e., objective). Intersemiotic translation - translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example, music or image. You can unlock new opportunities with unlimited access to hundreds of online short courses for a year by subscribing to our Unlimited package. This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. In the English-speaking world the authoritative version is the King James Bible from 1611 (basically unrevised from that date if spelling and punctuation is discounted, see Nicolson 2003/2004) and in Denmark the first authorised version of the New Testament translated from Greek came in 1907 though the most influential work in Danish Bible translation is the resen-svanningske translation from 1647 on which the authorised version is based (Jeppesen 1990: 18) (the 1907 authorised version has since been revised in 1948[4] and 1992[5]). The subjective comments in the above examples reflect a political/feminist agenda from the 1970s. The problem of synonymy in interlingual translation (how to establish the meaning of and choose between synonyms, whether to make use of loan words or calques, etc.) The changes made centre around the difference in time between the two versions and the aim is to make a traditional, close translation/version gently brought up to date to make it more accessible to contemporary readers. BibTeX, JabRef, Mendeley, Zotero, Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, pp. The above constitutes a description of translation which, though not as broad as Steiners all-embracing hermeneutic approach, still sees the phenomenon of translation as much more fundamental to human communication than more traditional translation studies definitions. The authorised versions in Danish which have been produced through the times are translated from Greek (New Testament) and Hebrew (Old Testament), but the translators quite naturally consult translations into e.g. The word "translation" can be defined as: An individual or a computer program that renders a text into another language is called a translator. The purpose of my study is to gain knowledge about the strategies that are used in text production by professional text producers, on the one hand, and students on the other. Two features differ significantly from all the other intralingual translations, including the other Bible for children, namely firstly the fact that the structure of the text has been changed radically and does not follow the traditional structure (restructuring of the order of information is also seen in the family Bible from 1973, but in this version for very small children the restructuring is much more radical) and secondly that quite a number of content omissions have been made. (Yang Zijian, Citation2005:62). ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. It can be seen that instead of the word "play", English has specific words . The aim of the description is to function as a tertium comparationes when trying to determine family resemblances. (PDF) INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC. EndNote, Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero, ENW In this translation process, a phase of intralingual translation is added, i.e. Then, it provides instances of intralingual translation from various disciplines and analyzes them from a functional and cognitive perspective. We use cookies to improve your website experience. And then, finally, we have the reader. I would like to think that intralingual skills are included in the term intercultural communication, if we do not limit our definition of intercultural to mainly a question of national culture (see Zethsen 2010 forthcoming). Nordquist, Richard. Intralingual translation, according to Jakobsen's definition, can be understood as a rewording or paraphrasing, that is, expressing approximately the same meaning in "different forms of the same . Maria and Joseph gave him the name Jesus, just as the angel had told them to. There he was, warm and comfortable like his mother in the stall. Bibelen (1948): (The 1948 Danish authorised version of the Bible.) The content has remained constant both denotatively and connotatively. turdstool (West Country for a very substantial cowpat). What is so remarkable here is that this illusory effect conceals the numerous conditions under which the translation is made . Many versions in many languages may be involved in Bible translation, but from the point of view of this article the interesting fact is that different versions of the Bible, of the same basic message, are created in order to cater for various target groups. Toury (1986: 1113) mentions interdialectal translation as a borderline case and also Pym (1992: 25) argues that there is no strict cut-off point. The target group is adults who find the authorised version too difficult or stilted. (*surf) There is no *day on this mail. I do believe, however, that they point in the right direction, but we need much more empirically-based research to provide a thorough and comprehensive description of intralingual translation and of the similarities and differences between intralingual and interlingual translation. seem to be much more radical than what is seen in the majority of interlingual translations. Almost all of the text has been paraphrased and as could be expected lexis and syntax have been simplified in the process. To be taxed with Mary his espoused wife, being great with child. Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. A legendary story in dialects has finally been developed into the legendary world of intralingual, interlingual and inter-semiotic translations. Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. . RIS For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. Unlike the other versions, the New Testament in everyday Danish has a preface in which the translators explain their strategy: You cannot blindly translate from source language to target language without disturbing the original meaning. The examples analysed below also demonstrate that new methods for investigating intersemiotic translation are required: in this case, purpose-built software applications for text, image and video analysis are demonstrated to handle the complexity and multi-level nature of multimodal semiosis. Consumers, patients, taxpayers, etc. In one of the Bible translations (for very small children), we saw that significant restructuring (i.e., restructuring which transgresses even paragraphs) had taken place to ease comprehension. The analyses suggest that intralingual translation is generally motivated by one or more of the key parameters; knowledge, time, culture, and space. theoryabout Correspondence EquivalenceKoller19791 85points out knowledge indicativeofcompetence inthe foreignlanguageand translationinwhichhiscorrespondenceand equivalencecorrespond toSaussure'S langue parolerespectivelyKoller1972hasstatedthatthe equivalenteffectDrinciple translationistending toruleoutall others . 11. On the basis of these insights, I attempted to set up an alternative definition of translation which is able to contain a wide range of translational phenomena, including that of intralingual translation, but which is still narrow enough to be meaningful to the field of translation studies. A few years later, the novel was developed into a film which was directed by Hou Xiaoxian (, a famous director from Taiwan. See also Weissbrod (2004: 27) on translation/transfer over time. At one of the rare occasions when intralingual translation is commented on in translation literature, Steiner (1975: 260-61) pointed out that the two kinds of translation raise issues of the same order and are, at crucial points, similar. What is Intralingual example? (2020, August 28). The parameter of time is of course related to the parameters of culture and knowledge, but in this case it is the diachronic factor which results in the lack of knowledge or cultural understanding; this is the reason for the new authorised version from 1992, for example, and is an important element in the everyday version (even in cases where a reader is able to read and understand the old authorised version from 1948, it will take him less time to process the everyday version). interlingual and intersemiotic. A British book, then, can be foreign for American readers. They are defined by their oppositions to and similarities to multiple other words--in other words, the cultural backdrop." According to Shuttleworth (1997: 88), Jakobson, by producing his three categories, simply suggested that translation belongs to a group of interlinked phenomena between which one can find family resemblances and Tymoczko (1998, 2005) argues for a broad perception of translation and suggests that we regard translation as a cluster concept which has to be defined non-finitely in line with Wittgensteins concept of family resemblance. Multimodal approaches to intersemiotic translation Translation: Definition and Examples. It also seems that the strategy of simplification is driven by one of the four parameters knowledge (e.g., layman words and expressions and simple active syntax substituted for expert terms and complex syntax, whereas syntactical changes in interlingual translation are often called for on the basis of structural differences between two languages), time (e.g., contemporary words and expressions and syntax substituted for obsolete words, expressions and syntax), culture (e.g., American words, expressions and syntax substituted for British words, expressions and syntax) or space (e.g., superfluous text omitted or explanatory text added) and that it takes many forms. The parameter of space refers to instances where the text is either reduced or extended, i.e., the physical space of the text is changed. What is Intersemiotic translation? The professional translator and cultural mediator of today needs a large number of skills to qualify as an expert for interlingual and intercultural communication (Snell-Hornby 1999: 164). This is discussed by Snell-Hornby (1999, 2006) who heavily criticises and warns against a too narrow perception of translation (in general, and Newmarks definition in particular) the traditional linguistic transcoding activity (Snell-Hornby 1999: 164) and of the tasks of the modern-day translator, which need to be reflected to some extent in our theoretical discussions if they are to remain meaningful. The illusion of transparency is an effect of fluent discourse, of the translator's effort to ensure easy readability by adhering to current usage, maintaining continuous syntax, fixing a precise meaning. "Translation: Definition and Examples." seen in intralingual translation are more extreme than is generally the case in translation proper. As already pointed out, all strategies found in the intralingual versions are well-known within interlingual translation, but not necessarily with the aim of simplification and not to the extent seen in intralingual translation. The first scholarly gathering of its kind, it gained the attention of translation scholars across nations. The definition will. no longer tolerate incomprehensible expert texts. The target group for this text is children from 3 to 5 years old. For the sake of comparison, a general description of . The productive function of translation, which creates new meanings alongside transferring them from the source text, is also evident in the third type of translation outlined by Roman Jakobson: intersemiotic translation, or translation between media or sign systems. However, there are lots of less obvious examples, especially when it comes to ambiguous or idiomatic sentences, such as sayings, which are often hard to translate We do have classifications such as Jakobsons, which alert us to the possibility of such things as intersemiotic and intralingual translation, but we do not make any genuine use of such classifications in our research. are all part of modern life, of reality. Examples Intralingual translation occurs when we produce a summary or otherwise rewrite a text in same language, say a children's version of an encyclopedia. P-nr: 1013139411, EAN-nr: 5798000418363 13 In it, and more specifically, in the part of the book devoted to the theory and methodology of translation, Kakridis discussed intralingual translation and its attendant problems . This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. You can read FutureLearn's Cookie policy here. And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn. Vi erkender derfor vort ansvar i den redaktionelle bearbejdning af grundteksten Oversaettelsen er sledes en fri oversaettelse, ikke en ord-for-ord oversaettelse, ej heller en parafrase.. As argued above, these activities share family resemblances with translation proper, but is it possible to get closer to a more detailed account of their general characteristics? xii Book Endorsement Basics of Translation, by Dr Mahmoud Altarabin, a promising writer on translation, is a well-organized textbook in terms of the translation Where does translation stop and something else take over, e.g. 15 slides Approaches of translation Montasser Mahmoud 38.9k views 21 slides Foreignization & domestication abdelbaar 17.2k views 26 slides Types of translation Rita Vazquez Rojas 12.4k views 10 slides Pedagogical stylistics Belachew Weldegebriel 3.8k views 9 slides More Related Content Slideshows for you (20) Methods Of Translation Even though the empirical study of intralingual translation is meagre, no one can deny that intralingual translation is a widespread phenomenon and that it is easy to find many very different instances of this kind of translation (within expert-layman communication, for instance, they abound). He does the best he can but is never satisfied. At the EST 2004 conference in Lisbon (proceedings forthcoming), Denton dealt with intercultural translation in his paper Waterlogged Somewhere in Mid-Atlantic: Why American Readers Need Intralingual Translation but Dont Often Get It. Rollason (2006: 5) refers to Denton who showed that even an English original can encounter communication barriers when crossing the Atlantic and exemplified with: Sue Townsends novel of 1982 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4, a cult best-seller in Britain but far less successful in the US, where its very British cultural codes and slang terms have impeded readers enjoyment, to the point where Denton even suggests the case points up the need for intralingual translation. Chesterman (2018, this issue) notes that 'whether we lump interlingual and intralingual translation together into a single category, or propose a split into two categories, depends entirely on the purpose (s) we envisage for such a categorization'. In the practical and especially the didactic world, a too narrow definition of the field only sets an artificial boundary for translators and the jobs they see themselves as able to carry out. We encounter it everyday, when we speak to our children and explain simple words (e.g. That the definition of certain concepts needs to be open is simply an inherent feature of such concepts; in other words it is not a flaw or deficiency that some concepts cannot be finitely described, neither theoretically nor pragmatically. In the preface to the Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Baker also, argues that we have been narrow and restrictive in defining our object of study and expresses concern about the lack of research outside the field of translation proper: [] intralingual translation is not such a minor issue as the existing literature on translation might suggestI know of no research that looks specifically at the phenomena of intralingual or intersemiotic translation. ZethsenUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmarkkkz@asb.dk, An article of the journal